Fagin as Pimp

In Monday's class, Megan (I think it was) mentioned 'a long critical essay' she had read that talked about the sexual, prostitutory subtext of Fagin's den, though she couldn't remember the specifics. I wonder if it was this paper by Larry Wolff, '"The Boys Are Pickpockets, and the Girl Is a Prostitute": Gender and Juvenile Criminality in Early Victorian England from Oliver Twist to London Labour', New Literary History (27:2 Spring, 1996), 227-249. That's a link to the JSTOR version of the essay; I'd be interested to know what you all think of it, and may set 'write a 500 word response to this paper' as one of the non-assessed tasks for this term.

Twisty

Apologies for the slightly chaotic start to today's class: in future we should be able to start on time at noon in that room (QA 135).

Today I talked a little about the historical and biographical contexts out of which Dickens wrote Oliver Twist; and touched on the cultural context a little too: Silver Fork novels and the Newgate Novel. We discussed Dickens's claims to realism in the book, and the contrary discursive pull away from realism and towards the sort of schematic expressive allegory associated with Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress (memorialised in the novel's original subtitle: the Parish-Boy's Progress) -- if you haven't read that last book, it's worth skimming through: Google Books have numerous editions for free, including this rather handsome mid-Victorian edition. I was trying to argue that Dickens's writing mediates a creative tension between being tied to reality and flying off into wish-fulfilment fantasy (between the formal enclosure of 'realist' writing and the formal disclosure of the fantastical). Then we talked a little about 'eyes' in the novel; in the focus on set-piece largescale spectacles, on audiences and surveillance -- Nancy's eyes appearing spectrally in the sky and terrifying Sikes, the eager eyes watching Fagin's last days -- and tried to suggest that this again had a formal, as well as a content-based, aspect. All these eyes are in a sense our eyes, eagerly reading and watching all these things that are more usually hidden and secret. I mentioned D A Miller's The Novel and the Police (1989), a Foucauldian reading of 'surveillance' and power in Dickens, Collins and Trollope, that tropes the developing form of the novel as a kind of panopticon.** The link to Miller's study, there, is to a google books edition that has a fair selection of the whole; it's also in the library. (Here's a JSTOR review of the study that sums up its argument).

If you've any problems, come see me or drop me a line -- or feel free to put them in the comments to this post, and I'll answer them here. Comments or observations are also welcome. Otherwise check the blog for more later this week.

---
**What's a pantopticon? Originally it was a special design of prison at Millbank: see this wikipedia article. It's a word that crops up a lot in more recent literary criticism, especially of the nineteenth-century, because the idea behind the prison was isolated by Foucault in his important study Discipline and Punish (1975) as emblematic of the way bourgeois culture places surveillance at the heart of policing its increasingly carcereal society. And if you don't know what carcereal means ... google it.

Week I. Oliver Twist (1838)

EN3515 Course Booklet

Department of English
Royal Holloway, University of London
BA PROGRAMME – 2009/10

Special Author Option: Charles Dickens

EN3515

Course Tutor: Professor Adam Roberts

The course aims to provide students with the chance to study the complete career of Charles Dickens (1812-1870), with detailed discussion of eight novels in their historical and cultural contexts. We will look at Dickens’s life and times, and the cultural discourses that shaped his fiction; the serialisation and illustration of his work, and the themes, forms and structures of his writing. But above all the course will encourage students to pay close attention to the richness and specificity of Dickens’ actual work.

It is taught in fifteen consecutive two-hour seminars.

Early Dickens
Week 1. Oliver Twist (1837-9)
Week 2. Dombey and Son (1846-8)
Week 3. Dombey and Son (1846-8)
Week 4. David Copperfield and the Autobiographical Fragment
Week 5. David Copperfield (1849-50)

Mid period Dickens
Week 6. Bleak House (1852-3)
Week 7. Bleak House (1852-3)
Week 8. Household Words (1851-9)
Week 9. Dickens and his illustrations
Week 10. A Christmas Carol (1843)

Late Dickens
Week 11. Little Dorrit (1855-7)
Week 12. Little Dorrit (1855-7)
Week 13. Our Mutual Friend (1864-5)
Week 14. Our Mutual Friend (1864-5)
Week 15. Edwin Drood (1870)

Assessment

The course assessment is by one long essay (7500-8000 words) which constitutes 100% of the grades for this course. Essay titles will be distributed in the final seminar of the course. Satisfactory attendance at seminars, and submission of one piece of (non-assessed) work are requirements that you will have to meet in order to be eligible to submit the long essay. This piece of work takes the place of the more usual seminar presentation: it will be 500-2500 words long, depending on what it is; and will be posted here on the course blog prior to the seminar in question.

Reading List

Library marks are given for most titles. You are advised to use this list as a resource; you will not be expected to read all the books listed here.
Titles marked with an asterisk are particularly recommended.

1. General

The best place to start for anything related to Dickens is The Oxford Reader’s Companion to Dickens (ed. Paul Schlicke, Oxford: OUP 1999). If you’re interested in studying Dickens you’d be well advised to buy this book, which is available in paperback (although the hardback has lots of nice pictures) -- ISBN: 019866253X, £8.99.

Ackroyd, Peter, Dickens. London: Sinclair-Stevenson 1990. [827 DIC B/ACK]

*Butt, John E. and Kathleen Tillotson, Dickens at Work. London: Methuen, 1957. [827 DIC D/BUT]

Clayton, Jay, Romantic Vision and the Novel. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

Chittick, Kathryn, Dickens and the 1830s. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1990. [827 DIC D/CHI]

Cockshut, A.O.J., The Imagination of Dickens. London: Collins, 1961. [827 DIC D/COC]

Collins, Philip. Dickens and Education. New York: St. Martins, 1963 [827. DIC D/COL]

Collins, Philip, Dickens and Crime. London: Macmillan, 1968 [827 DIC D/COL]

Collins, Philip, ed. Dickens: The Critical Heritage. New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 1971 [827 DIC D/COL]

Collins, Philip, ed. Dickens: Interviews and Recollections. 2 vols paginated as 1. London: Macmillan 1981 [827 DIC D/COL]

Connor, Steven, Charles Dickens (Blackwell 1985) [827 DIC D/CON]

Eigner, Edwin M., The Metaphysical Novel in England and America: Dickens, Bulwer, Melville, and Hawthorne. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978. [828.EIG]

Flint, Kate, Dickens. Harvester, 1986. [827 DIC D/FLI]

Forster, John, The Life of Charles Dickens [1872-74], ed. A. J. Hoppe (Dent 1966) [827 DIC B/FOR]

Frye, Northrop, ‘Dickens and the Comedy of Humours’, Experience in the Novel ed. R. H. Pierce. Columbia Univ. Press 1968

Greene, Graham, `The Young Dickens' [1950], Collected Essays (Penguin 1970) [828 GRE]

Hardy, Barbara, The Moral Art of Dickens: Essays. Dover, NH: Athlone Press, 1985. [827 DIC D/HAR]

Hollington, Michael, Dickens and the Grotesque. Totowa, NJ: Barnes & Noble Books, 1984. [827 DIC D/HOL]

*House, Humphry, The Dickens World. London: Oxford University Press, 1941. [827 DIC D/HOU]

Kaplan, Fred, Dickens and Mesmerism: The Hidden Springs of Fiction. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1975. [827 DIC D/KAP]

*Kincaid, James R., Dickens and the Rhetoric of Laughter. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971. [827 DIC D/KIN]

Larson, Janet, Dickens and the Broken Scripture. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1985.

Leavis, F. R., and Q.D., Dickens the Novelist (Chatto and Windus 1970) [827 DIC D/LEA]

Lucas, John, The Melancholy Man: A Study of Dickens’s Novels, 2d edn.. Totowa, N.J.: Barnes & Noble Books, 1980. [827 DIC D/LUC]

Manning, Sylvia, Dickens as Satirist, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1971.

Marcus, Steven, Dickens: From Pickwick to Dombey. New York: Harper Collins, 1965. [827 D/MAR]

Miller, D.A., The Novel and the Police. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1988.

*Miller, J. Hillis, Charles Dickens: The World of His Novels. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1958. [[827 DIC D/MIL]

Newlin, George, Everyone in Dickens. 3 vols: Greenwood 1996. [827 DIC D/NEW]

Roberts, Adam, ‘Pre-Victorian Dickens’, English 43 (1994), 271-3

Schlicke, Paul, Dickens and Popular Entertainment. Boston: Allen & Unwin, 1985. [827 DIC D/SCH]

*Slater, Michael, Dickens and Women. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1983. [827 DIC D/SLA]

Stone, Harry, Dickens and the Invisible World: Fairy Tales, Fantasy and Novel-Making. London: Macmillan 1968. [827 DIC D/STO]

Sucksmith, Harvey Peter, The Narrative Art of Charles Dickens: The Rhetoric of Sympathy and Irony in His Novels. Oxford: Clarendon, 1970. [827 DIC/SUC]

Swindell, Julia, Victorian Writing and Working Women: the Other Side of Silence. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1985.

Trotter, David, Circulation: Defoe, Dickens and the Economies of the Novel. London: Macmillan, 1988.

Wall, Stephen (ed), Charles Dickens: A Critical Anthology (Penguin 1970) [827 DIC D/WAL]

Waters, Catherine, Dickens and the Politics of the Family. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Welsh, Alexander. The City of Dickens. London: Oxford University Press, 1971.

Wilson, Angus, ‘Dickens -- the Two Scrooges’, The Wound and the Bow: Seven Studies in Literature. New York: Houghton Mifflin 1941. [827 DIC D/WIL]

Zambrano, A. L., Dickens and Film. Gordon, 1977. [827 DIC D/ZAM]


2. Oliver Twist (1837-8)

For a thorough bibliography of Oliver Twist criticism before 1986, see David Parroissien's Oliver Twist: An Annotated Bibliography. New York: Garland Publishers, 1986. [827 DIC P2/PAR]

Collins, Philip, ‘Murder: From Bill Sikes to Bradley Headstone,’ in Dickens and Crime. London: Macmillan, 1962.

Connor, Steve, ‘“They’re All One Story”: Public and Private Narratives in Oliver Twist’, Dickensian 85 (1989)

Dowling, Constance, ‘Cervantes, Dickens, and the World of the Juvenile Criminal’, Dickensian. 1986. (82) 151-157.

Ginsburg, Michal Peled. ‘Truth and Persuasion: The Language of Realism and of Ideology in Oliver Twist’, Novel. 1987. (20/3/Spr) 220-236.

Heller, Deborah, ‘The Outcast as Villain and Victim: Jews in Dickens’s Oliver Twist and Our Mutual Friend’, in Jewish Presences in English Literature, eds. Derek Cohen and Deborah Heller. Montreal: McGill Queen's UP, 1990.

Hollington, Michael, ‘Dickens and Cruikshank as Physiognomers in Oliver Twist’, Dickens Quarterly. 1990 (7/2) 243-254.

Jordan, John O., ‘The Purloined Handkerchief’, Dickens Studies Annual. 1989. (18) 1-17.

Kincaid, James R. ‘Oliver Twist: Laughter and the Rhetoric of Attack’, in Dickens and the Rhetoric of Laughter. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971.

Marcus, Steven. ‘The Wise Child’, and ‘Who Is Fagin?’ in Dickens: From Pickwick to Dombey. New York: Harper Collins, 1965.

Miller, J. Hillis., ‘Oliver Twist’, in Charles Dickens: The World of His Novels. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1958.

Patten, Robert L, ‘Capitalism and Compassion in Oliver Twist’, Studies in the Novel. 1969. (1) 207-221.

Schlicke, Paul, ‘Bumble and the Poor Law Satire of Oliver Twist’, Dickensian. 1975. (71) 149-156.

Slater, Michael, ‘On Reading Oliver Twist’, Dickensian. 1974. (70) 71-81.

Tillotson, Kathleen, ‘Introduction’ to the Clarendon Edition of Oliver Twist. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1966.

Tracy, Robert, ‘“The Old Story” and Inside Stories: Modish Fiction and Fictional Modes in Oliver Twist’, Dickens Studies Annual. 1988. (17) 1-33.

Wheeler, Burton M., ‘The Text and Plan of Oliver Twist’, Dickens Studies Annual. 1984. (12) 41-61.

Wolff, Larry, ‘“The Boys Are Pickpockets and the Girl is a Prostitute”: Gender and Juvenile Criminality in Early Victorian England from Oliver Twist to London Labour’, New Literary History. 1996. (27/2) 227-249.



3. Dombey and Son


Auerbach, Nina, ‘Dickens and Dombey: A Daughter After All’, in Charles Dickens: Dombey and Son and Little Dorrit: A Casebook, ed. Alan Shelston (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1985)

Clark Robert, ‘Riddling the Family Firm: The Sexual Economy in Dombey and Son’, English Literary History, 51 (1984): 69-84

Horton, Susan R., Interpreting Interpreting: Interpreting Dickens’s ‘Dombey’ (Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1979)

Leavis, F.R. and Q.D., ‘The First Major Novel: Dombey and Son’ in Dickens the Novelist (London: Chatto and Windus, 1970)

Perera, Suvendrini, ‘Wholesale, Retail and for Exportation: Empire and the Family Business in Dombey and Son’, Victorian Studies, 33 (1990): 603-20

Schwarzbach, F.S., ‘Dombey and Son: The World Metropolis’, in Dickens and the City, (London: Athlone Press, 1979), pp. 101-13

Tambling, Jeremy, ‘Death and Modernity in Dombey and Son’, Essays in Criticism, 43 (1993): 308-29

Williams, Raymond, ‘Introduction’ to Dombey and Son (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1970)

Yelin, Louise, ‘Stategies for Survival: Florence and Edith in Dombey and Son’, Victorian Studies, 22 (1979): 297-319

Zwinger, Lynda, ‘The Fear of the Father: Dombey and Daughter’, Nineteenth-Century Fiction (1985): 420-40



4. David Copperfield

For a thorough bibliography of Copperfield criticism before 1981, see Dunn, Richard, David Copperfield: An Annotated Bibliography (Garland 1981) [827 DIC]

‘The Autobiographical Fragment’ in Forster, John, The Life of Charles Dickens [1872-74], ed. A. J. Hoppe (Dent 1966) [827 DIC B/FOR]

Gelpi, Barbara Charlesworth, ‘The Innocent I: Dickens’ Influence on Victorian Autobiography’, in Jerome Buckley (ed), The Worlds of Victorian Fiction. Boston: Harvard Univ. Press 1975, 57-71 [827.3 BUC]

Gilmour, Robin, ‘Memory in David Copperfield’, Dickensian 71 (1975)

Mulvey, Chris, ‘David Copperfield: the Folk Story Structure’, Dickens Studies Annual 5 (1976), 74-94

Needham, Gwendolyn B., ‘The Undisciplined Heart of David Copperfield’, Nineteenth- Century Fiction 9 (1954), 81-107

Patten, Robert L., ‘Autobiography into Autobiography: the Evolution of David Copperfield’, in George Landow (ed), Approaches to Victorian Autobiography. Ohio Univ. Press 1979, 269-291 [808.06692 LAN]


5. A Christmas Carol (1843)

Davis, Paul, The Lives and Times of Ebenezer Scrooge, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1990.

Charles Dickens, The Annotated Christmas Carol, A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens, with introduction, notes, and bibliography by Michael Patrick Hearn, Avenel, New York, 1976.

Charles Dickens, The Christmas Carol, with Introduction and Notes by Philip Collins, New York Public Library, 1971.

Patten, Robert L., ‘Dickens Time and Again’, Dickens Studies Annual, 2 (1972), 163-96

Slater, Michael, ‘The Triumph of Humour: The Carol Revisited’, The Dickensian 89 (1993), 190-200



6. Bleak House (1852-3)

Cowles, David, ‘Methods of Inquiry, Modes of Evidence: Perception, Self-Deception and Truth in Bleak House’, The Dickensian, 87 (1991): 153-65

Dyson, A.E., (ed) Bleak House: A Selection of Critical Essays, (London: Macmillan Casebook, 1969)

Graver, Suzanne, ‘Writing in a “Womanly” Way and the Double Vision of Bleak House’, Dickens Quarterly, 4 (1987): 3- 15

Harvey, W.J., ‘Bleak House’, Character and the Novel (London: Chatto and Windus, 1965)

Jolly, Diane L., ‘The Nature of Esther’, The Dickensian, 86 (1990): 29-40

Kearns, Michael S., ‘“But I Cried Very Much”: Esther Summerson as Narrator’, Dickens Quarterly, 1 (1984): 121-9

Leavis, Q.D., ‘Bleak House: A Chancery World’, F.R. and Q.D. Leavis, Dickens the Novelist (London: Chatto and Windus, 1970), pp. 118-86

McCusker, Jane A., ‘The Games Esther Plays: Chapter Three of Bleak House’, The Dickensian, 81 (1985): 163- 74

Miller, D.A., ‘Discipline in Different Voices: Bureaucracy, Police, Family and Bleak House’, The Novel and the Police (Berkeley, Los Angeles and London: University of California Press, 1988); partially repr. in Charles Dickens, ed. Steven Connor (London: Longman Critical Reader, 1996), pp. 135-50

Miller, J. Hillis, ‘Introduction’ to Bleak House, ed. Norman Page (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1971), pp., 11-34; partially repr. in Charles Dickens, ed. Steven Connor (London: Longman ‘Critical Reader’, 1996), pp. 59-75

Moseley, Merritt, ‘The Ontology of Esther’s Narrative in Bleak House’, South Atlantic Review, 50 (1985): 35- 46

Peltason, Timothy, ‘Esther’s Will’, ELH, 59 (1992): 671-91

Schwarzbach, F.S., ‘Bleak House: Homes for the Homeless’, in Dickens and the City (London: Athlone Press, 1979), pp. 114-42

Shatto, Susan, The Companion to Bleak House (London: Allen and Unwin, 1987)

Thoms, Peter, ‘“The Narrow Track of Blood”: Detection and Storytelling in Bleak House’, Nineteenth-Century Literature, 50 (1995): 147-67

West, John B., ‘Krook's Death By Spontaneous Combustion and the Controversy Between Dickens and Lewes: A Physiologist’s View’, The Dickensian, 90 (1994): 125-29



7. Little Dorrit (1855-7)

Barickman, Richard, ‘The Spiritual Journey of Amy Dorrit and Arthur Clennam: “A Way Wherein There is No Ecstasy”.’, Dickens Studies Annual, 7 (1978): 163-89.

Barret, Edwin B., ‘Little Dorrit and the Disease of Modern Life’, Nineteenth-Century Fiction 25 (1970): 199-215.

Bernard, Robert, ‘The Imagery of Little Dorrit’, English Studies 52 (1971) 520-532.

Booth, Alison, ‘Little Dorrit and Dorothea Brooke: Interpreting the Heroines of History’, Nineteenth-Century Literature, 41 (1986): 190-216.

Brantlinger, Patrick, ‘Dickens and the Factories’, Nineteenth-Century Fiction, 26 (1971): 270-85.

Burgan, William, ‘Little Dorrit in Italy’, Nineteenth-Century Fiction, 29 (1975): 393-411.

Burgan, William, ‘People in the Setting of Little Dorrit’, Texas Studies in Literature and Language 15 (1973): 111-28.

Burgan, William, ‘Tokens of Winter in Dickens’s Pastoral Setting’, Modern Language Quarterly 36 (1975): 293-315.

Carlisle, Janice, ‘Little Dorrit: Necessary Fictions’, Studies in the Novel 7 (1975): 195-214. Also in The Sense of an Audience. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1981, pp. 96-118.

Childers, Joseph W., ‘History, Totality, Opposition: The New Historicism and Little Dorrit’, Dickens Quarterly 6 (1989) 150-157.

Fleishman, Avrom, ‘Master and Servant in Little Dorrit’, Studies in English Literature 14 (1974): 575-86.

Frow, John, ‘Voice and Register in Little Dorrit’, Comparative Literature 33 (1981): 258-70.

Leavis, F. R., ‘Dickens and Blake: Little Dorrit’, in Dickens the Novelist. London: Chatto and Windus, Ltd., 1970, pp. 213-76.

Librach, Ronald S., ‘The Burdens of Self and Society: Release and Redemption in Little Dorrit’, Studies in the Novel 7 (1975): 538-51.

Manning, Sylvia, ‘Dickens, January, and May’, Dickensian 71 (1975): 67-74.

Maxwell, Richard, ‘Dickens’s Omniscience’, ELH 46 (1979): 290-313.

Metz, Nancy Aycock, ‘Little Dorrit’s London: Babylon Revisited’, in Victorian Studies 33 (Spring 1990): 465-486.

Myers, William, ‘The Radicalism of Little Dorrit,’ in Literature and Politics in the Nineteenth Century, Ed. John Lucas. London: Methuen, 1971. 77-104.

Nunokawa, Jeff, ‘Getting and Having: Some Versions of Possession in Little Dorrit,’ in Charles Dickens: Modern Critical Views, Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea, 1987.

Ralegh, John, ‘The Novel and the City: England and America in the Nineteenth Century’, Victorian Studies 11 (1968) 291-328.

Sadoff, Dianne F., ‘Storytelling and the Figure of the Father in Little Dorrit’, PMLA 95 (1980): 234-45.

Showalter, Elaine, ‘Guilt, Authority, and the Shadows of Little Dorrit’, Nineteenth-Century Fiction 34 (1979): 20-40.

Squires, Michael, ‘The Structure of Dickens's Imagination in Little Dorrit’, Texas Studies in Literature and Language 30 (1988): 49-64.

Styczynaska, Adela, ‘The Shifting Point of View in the Narrative Design of Little Dorrit’, Dickensian 82 (1986): 39-51.

Wain, John, ‘Little Dorrit’, in Dickens and the Twentieth Century. Ed. J. Gross and G. Pearson. London: Routledge and K. Paul, 1962.

Walter, Dennis, ‘Dickens and Religion: Little Dorrit’, in Dickens and Religion. Boston: Allen & Unwin, 1981.

Weiss, Barbara, ‘Secret Pockets and Secret Breasts: Little Dorrit and the Commercial Scandals of the Fifties’, Dickens Studies Annual 10 (1982): 67-76.

Wilde, Alan, ‘Mr. F.'s Aunt and the Analogical Structure of Little Dorrit’, Nineteenth- Century Fiction 19 (1964): 33-44.

Winter, Sarah, ‘Domestic Fictions: Feminine Deference and Maternal Shadow Labor in Dickens's Little Dorrit’, Dickens Studies Annual 18 (1989): 243-54.

Woodward, Kathleen, ‘Passivity and Passion in Little Dorrit’, Dickensian 71 (1975): 140-48.

Zimmerman, James R, ‘Sun and Shadow in Little Dorrit’, Dickensian 83 (1987): 93-105.


8. Our Mutual Friend (1864-5)

For a comprehensive bibliography of Our Mutual Friend before 1982, see Brattin and Hornback’s Our Mutual Friend: An Annotated Bibliography (New York: Garland Publishing, 1984).

Chesterton, Gilbert Keith, ‘Our Mutual Friend,’ in Appreciations and Criticisms of the Works of Charles Dickens. London: J.M. Dent and Sons, ltd., 1911. E-text.

Gissing, George, Charles Dickens: A Critical Study. London: Blackie, 1898.

Johnson, Edgar, ‘The Great Dust-Heap,’ in Charles Dickens: His Tragedy and Triumph. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1952.

Demarcus, C., ‘Wolves Within and Without: Dickens’s Transformation of Little Red Riding Hood in Our Mutual Friend’, Dickens Quarterly. 1995. (12/1) 11-17.

Dvorak, Wilfred P., ‘Dickens and Popular Culture: Silas Wegg's Ballads in Our Mutual Friend’, Dickensian 1990. (86/3) 142-157.

*Fulwiler, Howard W., ‘“A Dismal Swamp”: Darwin, Design, and Evolution in Our Mutual Friend’, Nineteenth-Century Literature. 1994. (49/1) 51-74.

Gaughan, Richard T., ‘Prospecting for Meaning in Our Mutual Friend’, Dickens Studies Annual. 1990. (19) 231-246.

Ginsburg, Michal Peled. ‘The Case Against Plot in Bleak House and Our Mutual Friend’, in Economies of Change: Form and Transformation in the Nineteenth-Century Novel. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1996.

Grossman, Jonathan H., ‘The Absent Jew in Dickens: Narrators in Oliver Twist, Our Mutual Friend, and A Christmas Carol’, Dickens Studies Annual. 1996. (24) 37-57.

Hake, Stephen, ‘Becoming Poor to Make Many Rich: The Resolution of Class Confict in Dickens’, Dickens Studies Annual. 1998. (26) 107-120.

Hecimovich, Gregg A., ‘The Cup and the Lip and the Riddle of Our Mutual Friend’, ELH. 1995. (62/4) 955-977.

Heller, Deborah, ‘The Outcast as Villain and Victim: Jews in Dickens’s Oliver Twist and Our Mutual Friend,’ in Jewish Presences in English Literature, ed. Derek Cohen and Deborah Heller. Montreal: McGill-Queen's UP, 1990.

Miller, J. Hillis, ‘The Topography of Jealousy in Our Mutual Friend,’ in Dickens Refigured: Bodies, Desires, and Other Histories, ed. John Schad. Manchester: Manchester UP, 1996.

Royle, Nicholas, ‘Our Mutual Friend,’ in Dickens Refigured: Bodies, Desires, and Other Histories, ed. John Schad. Manchester: Manchester UP, 1996.

Shuman, Cathy, ‘Invigilating Our Mutual Friend: Gender and the Legitimation of Professional Authority’, Novel. 1995. (28/2/Win) 154-172.

Smith, J., ‘Heat and Modern Thought - Charles Dickens: The Forces of Nature in Our Mutual Friend’, Victorian Literature and Culture. 1995. (23) 37-69.

Smith, Peter, ‘The Aestheticist Argument of Our Mutual Friend.’ Cambridge Quarterly. 1989. (18/4) 362-382.

Watts, Alan, ‘Dickens and Pauline Viardot’, Dickensian. 1995. (91/3) 171-178.

Wiesenthal, C.S. ‘Anti-Bodies of Disease and Defense: Spirit-Body Relations in Nineteenth-Century Culture and Fiction’, Victorian Literature and Culture. 1994. (22) 187-220.


9. Edwin Drood.

Beer, John, ‘Edwin Drood and the Mystery of Apartness’, Dickens Studies Annual 13 (1984), 143-91

Cockshut, ‘Edwin Drood: Early and Late Dickens Reconsidered’, in Gross and Pearson (eds), Dickens and The Twentieth Century. London: Routledge 1962. [827 DIC D/GRO]

Jacobson, Wendy, The Companion to The Mystery of Edwin Drood. London: Allen and Unwin 1986. [827 DIC P2/JA]

Thacker, John, Edwin Drood: Antichrist in the Cathedral. London: St Martin's Press 1990. [827 DIC P2/THA]

Wales, Katie, ‘Dickens and Interior Monologue: the Opening of Edwin Drood reconsidered’, Language and Style 17 (1984), 234-50; Rpt in Hollingworth (ed), Charles Dickens: Critical Assessments. 4 vols, Helm: 1995. III: 753-769


10. Dickens and his Illustrators


Cayzer, Elizabeth, ‘Dickens and His Late Illustrators: A Change in Style: Two Unknown Artists’, Dickensian, 1991. (87/1) 13-16.

Cohen, Jane R., Charles Dickens and his Original Illustrators. Columbus: Ohio University Press, 1980.

Hollington, Michael, ‘Dickens and Cruikshank as Physiognomers in Oliver Twist’, Dickens Quarterly 7 (1990)

O'Hea, Michael, ‘Hidden Harmony: Marcus Stone’s Wrapper Design for Our Mutual Friend’, Dickensian. 1995. (91/3) 198-208.

Patten, Robert L., George Cruikshank's Life, Times, and Art. 2 vols. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1992.

Steig, Michael. Dickens and Phiz. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1978. [827 DIC D/STE]



[WEB RESOURCES]

Victorian Research Web
http://www.indiana.edu/~victoria/other.html
Invaluable array of links.

The Victorian Web
http://www.stg.brown.edu/projects/hypertext/landow/victorian/victov.html
The most used Victorian resource; George Landow’s superb collection of an enormous amount of material

Victorian Women Writers Project
http://www.indiana.edu/~letrs/vwwp/
Indiana University’s project on a good spread of women writers.

The Dickens Project
http://humwww.ucsc.edu/dickens/index.html
The best portal for Dickens-related material.

The Dickens Page
http://lang.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~matsuoka/Dickens.html
All manner of questions answered on Mitsuharu Matsuoka's well-though-of pages.

Monuments and Dust: the Culture of Victorian London
http://www.iath.virginia.edu/mhc/
Stylish and useful site on all sorts of literary, visual, architectural and historical aspects of Victorian London.